Plants face constant threats from a multitude of pests, which cause severe agricultural loss. Genetic engineering of crop plants for enhanced resistance. Buy host plant resistance to insects book online at best prices in india on. Check our section of free e books and guides on entomology now. However, insectresistant plants can be developed by expressing genes coding for plant resistance isolated from the other plant species. Entomological techniques and methodologies used in. They use a variety of systems to defend themselves from attack by insects and diseases. The overuse and misuse of insecticides some four decades. Modern agriculture provides novel solutions to age old problems. Mar 15, 2020 researchers have discovered a communication network in plants which helps them respond to a hormone involved in pest resistance, a finding that may help develop crops that can withstand insect attack. Other original research papers in this volume focus on the roles of secondary metabolites in plant resistance to insects and nematodes. Multitrophic effects of host plant resistance have the potential to influence, both positively and negatively, biological control.
The formal study of plant resistance to herbivory was first covered extensively in 1951 by reginald henry painter, who is widely regarded as the founder of this area of research, in his book plant resistance to insects. Recognizing there are entire courses and books on the subject of plant resistance to crop pests, this lecture will cover only the essential aspects of the topic. Genetic engineering of crop plants for enhanced resistance to. Silicon and mechanisms of plant resistance to insect pests. The study of herbivory and plant resistance in natural and. In this article we will discuss about the insect resistance in plants. In general, plant defenses have been studied using targeted approaches by analyzing plant alkaloids and their effects on insects. Jasmonate action in plant defense against insects journal. Techniques for evaluating insect resistance in crop plants crc press book this comprehensive book is the first illustrated volume to provide detailed discussions of all plant genera regarding techniques developed to evaluate plant resistance to insects. Examines the molecular biology and genetics of insect resistance in crop plants, and insect genes capable of overcoming resistance to form insect.
Three basic components or mechanisms are involved in plant resistance. Resistance is the ability of a certain variety to produce a larger yield of good quality than other varieties at the same initial level of infestation and under similar environmental conditions. Discusses how to identify and develop plant materials with resistance to insect pests. Principles of hostplant resistance to insect pests. The use of plant resistance for managing arthropod pests in rice illustrates many aspects of the use of. It shows how plants can defend themselves naturally and how insects have adapted to overcome these mechanisms through coevolution. Plant resistance to insects acs symposium series acs. Over 25 years ago, kogan noted the existence of two parallel bodies of research and theory related to the study of plant resistance. The international plant resistance to insects working group is an affiliation of researchers and practitioners that are advancing the development and use of plants with resistance to insects and other arthropods.
How plants defend against fungi, insects decoded deccan herald. How have these crops contributed to sustainability. A fundamental component of ipm radcliffes ipm world textbook hostplant resistance hpr to insect pests is considered one of the key tactics for insect control, particularly in developing countries where utilization of other control methods. Insects and other arthropods divender gupta encyclopedia of life support systems eolss at a global level, insect pests of medical, veterinary and agricultural importance have developed resistance to all major classes of pesticides. Therearefewbooksavailablethat deal pri marily with plant resistance to insects. Techniques for evaluating insect resistance in crop plants. The kenneth and barbara starks plant resistance to insects graduate student award, administered and presented by pie section, recognizes innovative research by a graduate student in entomology or plant breedinggenetics.
The global scenario of crop damage inflicted by insects is a matter of serious concern. Successful utilization of host plant resistance, phytochemical products, pheromones, biological control agents such as predators, parasitoids, entomopathogenic bacteria, virus, nematodes, and fungi can help to control many destructive pests to achieve sustainable crop protection. Mechanisms and deployment of resistance in trees to insects. While these traits can have obvious and direct impacts on herbivorous pests, many have profound effects on higher trophic levels, including the natural enemies of herbivores. Frontiers integration of plant defense traits with. To cope with herbivore challenges, plants have evolved sophisticated defense systems, in which the lipidderived phytohormone jasmonate plays a crucial role. Plant resistance is specific, only affecting the target pest. This approach utilizes a combination of host plant resistance and cultural, biological and chemical control methods. During their longterm coevolution, sessile plants have evolved complicated and sophisticated defense systems to defend against attack from herbivorous insects howe and jander, 2008. It also describes screening and breeding for insect resistance. The 23rd biannual international plant resistance to. Of all published articles, the following were the most read within the past 12 months.
Function and chemistry of plant trichomes and glands in insect resistance. Ishs ishs brassica symposium ix crucifer genetics workshop host plant resistance to insect pests of cruciferous crops with special. The identification of new sources of resistance to insects and better understanding of resistance mechanisms have opened new avenues in the field of hostplant resistance hpr. The economics of integrated pest management of insects. This book presents a broad overview of host plant resistance to insect pests. Biophysical bases of resistance in plants to insectspala ram ram singh and g. The resources that plants can muster for defense when attacked by insects are limited. Two papers from georg janders laboratory combine qtl and phytochemical analyses to examine the roles of secondary metabolites in maize resistance to. It also provides an overview of the fascinating field of insect plant relationships, which is fundamental to the study of host plant resistance to insects. Metabolomics of plant resistance to insects the biology. Host plant resistance to insects in integrated pest. Insects and other arthropods divender gupta encyclopedia of life support systems eolss at a global level, insect pests of medical, veterinary and agricultural importance have developed resistance to all major classes of. Insect resistance refers to crops that either naturally or through genetic engineering are able to resist insect damage.
This text presents a broad overview of host plant resistance to insect pests. Thus, the study of plant resistance involves the study of a large web of interactions mediated by a potentially large and diverse set of plant traits, and plant resistance can be studied from various perspectives. It results from insect plant coevolution and is crucial for their coexistence. For example, plant resistance to insects is compatible with insecticide use, while biological control is not. It results from insectplant coevolution and is crucial for their coexistence. Niranjan panda, formerly professor of entomology, orissa university of agriculture and technology. During plant domestication, some important features of plant resistance may be inadvertantly removed by the breeders, increasing their susceptibility. Insects need to develop a resistance mechanism against certain antimetabolites produced by plants to feed on them. The 23rd biannual international plant resistance to insects symposium will be held at rothamsted research, harpenden, hertfordshire, united kingdom on the 7th 9th of march 2018.
Painter divided the phenomena of resistance into three mechanisms, nonpreference later renamed antixenosis. It shows how plants can defend themselves naturally and how insects have adapted. Protective chemicals in plant epidermal glands and appendages. Some of the more polyphagous insects like grasshoppers and armyworms will consume every part of their host plant. Expression of bt toxins in transgenic plants needs to be at a sufficient level to confer adequate protection against target pests defined by the environmental protection agency as giving 95% mortality of insects heterozygous for a resistance allele. The americas journal of plant science and biotechnology 2011 global science books potato resistance to insects yvan pelletier1 finbarr g. Biophysical bases of resistance in plants to insects pala ram ram singh and g. The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any. Some of the considerations involved in developing these techniques are discussed with selected examples to illustrate various techniques employed in plant resistance to insects research. The identification of new sources of resistance to insects and better understanding of resistance mechanisms have opened new avenues in the field of host plant resistance hpr.
Buy host plant resistance to insects book online at low. Host plant resistance hpr to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. The 23rd biannual international plant resistance to insects. During plant domestication, some important features of plant resistance may be inadvertantly removed by. Herbivorous insects represent one of the major threats to sessile plants. Covers terminology and categories of resistance, and presents techniques for studying plant resistance. Smiths 1989 book on the subject plant resistance to insects.
A thorough knowledge of the insecthost plant relationship is essential for developing efficient techniques. The recently published books address related topics, such as bio. Two papers from georg janders laboratory combine qtl and phytochemical analyses to examine the roles of secondary metabolites in maize resistance to insects. Another problematic aspect of painters trichotomy involves the antixenosis category and its relationship to antibiosis. To what extent have breeding programs purposefully bred cultivars with named arthropod re. Insectresistant crops generally produce compounds that are toxic to insects that attempt to eat the resistant plants. Insect control is serious and greatest challenge for agricultural crops. Examines the molecular biology and genetics of insect resistance in crop plants, and insect genes capable of overcoming resistance to form insect biophytes. Principles of hostplant resistance to insect pests book.
Plantinsect ecosystem pie kenneth and barbara starks. The overuse and misuse of insecticides some four decades ago created major environmental problems and was followed by the development of an integrated pest management approach to crop pests. This book brings together economists and entomologists to explain the. Principles of host plant resistance to insect pests. As resistance to insect pests is often chemically based, metabolomics has been rapidly adapted as a tool to explore plant species and varieties for hitherto unknown sources for sustainable resistance. Insects that most often fall prey to north american pitcher plants are ants, flies, wasps, bees, beetles, slugs and snails. This book contains 20 chapters, which are divided into 5 sections. Plant resistance to insects is a natural phenomenon based on plant selfdefense mechanisms. How plants defend against fungi, insects decoded deccan. Mechanisms and deployment of resistance in trees to. Insect plant interactions and host plant resistance ram singh and g. Examines the molecular biology and genetics of insect resistance in crop plants, and insect genes capable of. Biochemical bases of resistance in plants to insectsramesh arora and g. This chapter discusses the resistance of plants to insects.
Plant resistance to insects is not density dependent, whereas biological control is. Section 3 is dedicated to some general questions in insecticide. Horgan2 julien pompon1,3 1 potato research centre, agriculture and agrifood canada, fredericton, nb, e3b 4z7, canada. Cambridge core entomology insect ecology by peter w. Buy host plant resistance to insects book online at low prices in. Experimental techniques in hostplant resistance akshay kumar. The transmission of plant viruses through insects with biting and chewing type of mouth parts has been discussed in detail as separate chapter. All crop cultivars should contain resistance to insect pests. The latest research in the field of mites, nematodes, and fungi as vectors of plant viruses has been included. Breeding insect resistant crops for sustainable agriculture. The award was established by an endowment from donations by kenneth j. Ent 425 general entomology resource library tutorials. Plant defenses, management practices, and pests before discussing the key ecological principles and approaches to soil management, lets first see how amazing plants really are. Plant resistance to insect pests has advantages over other direct control tactics.
The study of herbivory and plant resistance in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Insect plant interactions and host plant resistanceram singh and g. Free entomology books download ebooks online textbooks. Plants that stand exposed to insects over long periods generally develop defense systems that require a relatively large quantity of the resistance agents, and these agents often bind dietary protein or. While this work pioneered further research in the us, the work of chesnokov was the basis of further research in the ussr. It also provides an overview of the fascinating field of insectplant relationships, which is fundamental to the study of hostplant resistance to insects.
Transgenic plant journal 2008 global science books genetic engineering of crop plants for enhanced resistance to insects and diseases in iran masoud tohidfar1 gholamreza salehi jouzani2 1 department of plant tissue culture and transformation, agricultural biotechnology research institute of iran, mahdasht road, p. Mass culturing of phytophagous insects for host plant resistance studies. Plants that stand exposed to insects over long periods generally develop defense systems that require a relatively large quantity of the resistance agents, and these agents often bind dietary protein or otherwise interfere with digestion. Provides the practical aspects of hostplant resistance hpr. The result of an international symposium held in august 2000 as part of the international congress of entomology, papers look at general patterns in tree mechanisms of resistance to defoliators, shoot insects, wood borers, bark beetles, and gall forming insects. Also gives consideration to potentially resistant material.
Integration of plant defense traits with biological control. This page contains list of freely available e books, online textbooks and tutorials in entomology. Khush, principal plant breeder and head of plant breeding in the division of genetics and biochemistry, international rice research institute. Host plant resistance to insects in searchworks catalog. The american association of professional apiculturists aapa is affiliated with insects and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
Discusses how to identify and develop plant materials with res. Section 1 covers different aspects of insecticide resistance of selected economically important plant insect pests, whereas section 2 includes chapters about the importance, development and insecticide resistance management in controlling malaria vectors. Department of entomology university ofcalifornia riverside. Researchers have discovered a communication network in plants which helps them respond to a hormone involved in pest resistance, a finding that may help develop crops that can withstand insect attack.
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